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It is almost 25 km's far from Saklikent and, you can arrive there
in just 40 minutes to arrive there. Everyday our services are available
for you.
The name Pinara has
survived, assimilated to the Turkish word for 'minaret' , in the
village of Minare half an hour below the ruins. The village is easily
accessible via a short road that branches off the main Fethiye-Ka?
Highway. Climbing up from the village, the visitor's eye is rust
caught by a great round mass of rock which seems to have given Pinara
its name. In fact, Pinara means 'round' in the Lycian language.
According
to ancient accounts, Pinara was founded by colonists from Xanthos.
While it is necessary to mention Pinara along with the historical
region, it surrendered to Alexander by opening its gates to him.
Pinara's history goes back much further than Alexander, all the
way back to Troy. Homer tells of the Lycian archer Pandarus who
fought in the Trojan army. Strabo and later Stephanos Byzantions
both mention that Pinara was Lycia's most important city.
Pinara, which was
one of the six main cities of the Lycian League that possessed three
votes, was annexed to the crown of Pergamon after the death of Alexander
the Great, and subsequently went on to become a Roman town. It became
remarkably prosperous and a number of important monuments were built
during this period. Although it was inhabited as late as the 9th
century, much of the settlement was destroyed by two earthquakes,
in 141 and 240 A.D. respectively. Rocks that were knocked loose
in the 1957 earthquake slid down the side of the mountain.
The
acropolis is set on the top of the rock, and approached via a steep
flight of steps from the south, carved into the rock. It is understood
by examining the fortified Byzantine structures to the east of the
settlement that it was in use until the end of the Byzantine period.
The ancient settlement
of Pinara is situated in the eastern part of the acropolis. A number
of fine structures indicating the prosperity of the town during
ancient times were set on a series of terraces which are approached
from the south-east by a flight of rock-cut steps, leading rust
to the remains of a Roman temple which contained six columns to
the front and rear, and eight on the lateral facades.
This temple is thought
to belong to Aphrodite, the Goddess of Love. In fact, the columns
were heart-shaped, whereas a male penis was made into a relief.
West
of this lies a structure thought to be a temple measuring 13 X 8
meters, on a podium, surrounded by a temenos, or a mausoleum, with
a Lycian portal to the south, with typical pediment and lentil structure,
opposite which stand the odeion of the settlement, entered through
a portal to the east, and now in considerable ruin.
Heading towards the
south and we come to a gate from the Lycian period with its door
frame and lentil. The odeion, with its three entry portals from
the east, is barely recognizable. The agora was reached via a gate
from the orchestra of the odeion, and is set on a small plateau
between two outcrops of rock, reinforced with terrace walls. The
western face of the outcrop below the agora was carved out, presumably
for the marking of tombs which were never completed. The remains
of a palace, several Byzantine structures and cisterns are also
found here.
Descending
into the valley from the terrace walls in the southern flank of
the agora, one encounters water channels cut into the rock, a spring,
and the royal tombs all on the eastern side of the valley.
Pilinius, who had
visited Pinara, qualified the Pynarians as being bird-men after
seeing the tombs cut out of the stone. Among the reliefs to be found
on rock tombs below the acropolis are those containing human figures
on the facade, and representations of the Lycian cities before the
crypt, which give us valuable information about the appearance of
these ancient settlements. A similar relief was found among the
reliefs of the Izrara monument at Tlos.
A
nearby tomb bears reliefs containing a bovine, horned figure on
the arched, saddle-like cover of the sarcophagus, which is similar
to others in Ka? and Limyra. Situated to the east of the city lies
a Greek-style theater, which has 27 seating rows divided by stairs
into nine sections.
To
the west and directly opposite the theater, is a Lycian sarcophagus
in good condition. It is understood from the three lines of inscription
on this 4th century B.C. sarcophagus that it belonged to someone
by the name of Arttumpara. One also notices the ruins of a bath
between the theater and the other ruins.
In the extreme south
of the site, in the hillside beyond the stream, are more rock-tombs,
handsome and well deserving of a visit, though requiring something
of an effort to reach.
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